Effect of larval body size on overwinter survival and emerging adult size in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus investigator
نویسنده
چکیده
Body size may influence both adult fecundity and the probability of survival through each life stage. Previous studies of burying beetles (Nicrophorus, Coleoptera: Silphidae) have revealed reproductive advantages for larger adults and the role of parental care in determining larval size and number. In this study I measure the effect of size on survival over the winter period and the correlation between larval size and the size of emerging adults. I collected data from 24 groups of 20–25 larvae sorted by size and overwintered outside under natural conditions in Colorado, U.S.A. There was a significant positive correlation between larval size and adult size at emergence and a significant effect of size on overwinter survival. Data from 2 years yielded the following mean survival rates: small, 47.3 ± 1.0%; medium, 73.2 ± 0.7%; large, 85.7 ± 0.4%. These values were then used to accurately predict adult emergence from broods of larvae whose range of size was measured prior to the overwinter period. The results indicate that selection for large body size may result from an overwinter survival advantage and not just from reproductive success. This has implications for fitness models of parental care and models of population dynamics. Résumé : La taille du corps peut influencer à la fois la fécondité des adultes et la probabilité de survie à tous les stades. Des études antérieures sur les nécrophores (Nicrophorus, Coleoptera : Silphidae) ont mis en évidence les avantages reproductifs des adultes de grande taille et l’influence des soins parentaux sur la taille et le nombre des larves. J’ai mesuré les effets de la taille sur la survie en hiver et la corrélation entre la taille des larves et celle des adultes à l’émergence. J’ai recueilli des données chez 24 groupes de 20 à 25 larves séparées d’après leur taille et soumises aux conditions climatiques naturelles en hiver au Colorado, É.-U. J’ai trouvé une corrélation positive significative entre la taille des larves et celle des adultes à l’émergence et constaté l’effet significatif de la taille des larves sur la survie en hiver. Des résultats sur 2 années ont donné les mesures de survie suivantes : 47,3 ± 1,0 % pour les petites larves, 73,2 ± 0,7 % pour celles de taille moyenne et 85,7 ± 0,4 % pour les grosses larves. Ces valeurs ont permis de faire des prédictions précises sur l’émergence des adultes issus de couvées de larves dans lesquelles l’étendue des tailles a été mesurée avant l’hiver. Ces résultats indiquent que la sélection qui favorise une grande taille peut résulter de l’avantage d’une meilleure survie à l’hiver et pas seulement du succès reproducteur. Cette constatation peut avoir une grande importance lors de la conception de modèles du fitness des soins parentaux et de modèles de dynamique des populations. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
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